Meaning: This sentence describes the person's quick completion of reading the book within a single day.
Choice of Words: "Finished" is the past tense of the verb "to finish", which means to complete or come to an end. "Book" is a collection of written or printed pages that tell a story or give information. "In" is a preposition that indicates a period of time. "One" is a number that refers to a single unit. "Day" is a period of 24 hours.