Meaning: This sentence describes a book that is not closed.
Choice of Words: The subject "book" is the focus of the action, "lay" is the verb describing the action, and "open" is an adjective describing the state of the book.
Alternative Expressions
The book was open.
Meaning: This means that the book was flat and its pages were visible in the past.
Choice of Words:Book is a noun that refers to a collection of pages with writing or pictures. Was is a verb that describes a state of being in the past. Open is an adjective that means not closed. When you put them together, "The book was open" describes a book that was flat and not closed in the past.
The book had been opened.
Meaning: This means that the book was flat and its pages were visible for some time in the past.
Choice of Words:Book is a noun that refers to a collection of pages with writing or pictures. Had been is a verb phrase that describes an action that happened in the past and continued for some time. Opened is a verb that means to make something flat and not closed. When you put them together, "The book had been opened" describes a book that was made flat and not closed in the past and continued to be that way for some time.