Meaning: This sentence is describing the house moving or vibrating quickly and violently while the storm was happening with great force or intensity.
Choice of Words: The word "shook" means to move or vibrate quickly and violently. "Violently" means with great force or intensity. "As the storm raged" means while the storm was happening with great force or intensity. When you put them together, "The house shook violently as the storm raged" means that the house moved or vibrated quickly and violently while the storm was happening with great force or intensity.